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| World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement
The World Fantasy Awards are given each year by the World Fantasy Convention for the best fantasy fiction and art published in English during the preceding calendar year. The awards have been described by sources such as ''The Guardian'' as a "prestigious fantasy prize",〔 and as one of the three most renowned speculative fiction awards, along with the Hugo and Nebula Awards (which cover both fantasy and science fiction).〔〔 The World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement is given each year to individuals for their lifetime achievements in fields related to fantasy. These have included authors, editors, and publishers. The specific nomination reasons are not given, and nominees are not required to have retired from their career, though they can only win once. Individuals are also eligible for the Special Award—Professional and Special Award—Non-professional categories for their work in a given year not tied to a specific achievement. The World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement has been awarded annually since 1975.〔
World Fantasy Award nominees and winners are decided by attendees and judges at the annual World Fantasy Convention. A ballot is posted in June for attendees of the current and previous two conferences to determine two of the finalists, and a panel of five judges adds three or more nominees before voting on the overall winner. Unlike the other World Fantasy Award categories, the nominees for the Life Achievement award are not announced; instead, the winner is announced along with the nominees in the other categories.〔〔 The panel of judges is typically made up of fantasy authors〔 and is chosen each year by the World Fantasy Awards Administration, which has the power to break ties.〔 The final results are presented at the World Fantasy Convention at the end of October.〔 Winners were presented with a statue in the form of a bust of H. P. Lovecraft through the 2015 awards; future ceremonies will present a different, unannounced statuette.〔
During the 41 nomination years, 63 people have been given the Life Achievement Award. 18 years have seen multiple winners awarded, typically two, though 5 winners were noted in 1984. Since 2000 it has become an unofficial tradition for two winners to be announced, often with one winner primarily an author and the other not.〔 While most winners have been authors and editors, 5 winners have been primarily artists of fantasy art and book covers, and 3 winners are best known for founding or running publishing houses that produce fantasy works.
==Winners==
In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony. Items in the Work(s) column are items and companies that the winner created or worked at; they are meant to be representative of the winner's career in the field of fantasy to that point, but the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement is not given for any specific achievement, and no such achievements are listed by the World Fantasy Convention as reasons for the award. In many cases the winner is well-known for their non-fantasy works, such as science fiction novels, which are not listed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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